Ceramic glazes are specialized coatings applied to ceramic surfaces to enhance their aesthetic appearance and functional performance. Composed primarily of inorganic minerals, oxides, and frits, glazes are applied to the surface of ceramic bodies and then fired at high temperatures, forming a glass-like layer that bonds with the substrate.
Frits are insoluble, chemically stable materials used in ceramic glazes. When finely ground and fired, they melt into a glassy layer that, through surface tension, forms an even glaze coating.
Their development has paralleled porcelain and tile manufacturing, and more recently, frits have found applications in medicine, biomaterials, precision machinery, semiconductors, electronics, and automotive industries.
Transparent frits, available in leaded and lead-free types, are mainly used in fast-fired wall tiles as base glazes, offering strong coverage to enhance decorative effects and colors.
Vetrosa grits (or granules) are small particles made from glass or ceramic materials. In tile production, they are used to create embossed, three-dimensional effects. With diverse expansion coefficients and particle sizes, granules can produce transparent, semi-polished, or matte surfaces, giving tiles unique, hard-to-replicate artistic effects that enhance depth and variation.
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Color stains(Ceramic pigments) are mixtures of ceramic oxides and colored metal oxides that are melted in kilns, quenched, and ground to specific mesh sizes. Their color expression is subtle and influenced by factors such as temperature, humidity, raw material quality, clay body, processing steps, and firing environment. Different ions or crystalline structures formed during sintering can produce a wide spectrum of colors.
Leveraging deep expertise and technical know-how, China Glaze develops a variety of pigments and body-stain colors, helping customers create vibrant ceramic designs and set new trends.
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COMPOSED GLAZES for SINGLE FAST FIRING
Single firing is a fast, energy-saving ceramic production process that achieves better bonding between glaze and body, though it requires greater technical precision. Single-firing glazes are specially formulated for rapid firing, with careful control of viscosity, flow, color, and gloss. Widely used across the ceramic industry to reduce costs, these glazes are available from China Glaze in a broad range of options—zircon and non-zircon, matte or transparent glossy finishes—and can be combined with digital inks or functional glazes, suitable for quartz tiles, vintage tiles, and both wall and floor tiles.
ANTI-SLIP GLAZE
Anti-slip glaze has met building materials industry standards and received certification, earning it a 20-year invention patent certificate (certificate number ZL 2013-10565409.3). It offers anti-slip, wear-resistant, acid and alkali-resistant, easy-to-clean, and anti-static properties features. Wet static friction coefficient testing on tile surfaces: US standards exceed 0.5, achieving “very safe” or “very safe” ratings; Australian standards reach P4 or higher, achieving “low slip risk” or “very low slip risk” ratings. It is “astringent but not rough, fine but not slippery.” Customized anti-slip coefficient formulas can be formulated for floor tiles in different locations, significantly reducing the risk of slips and injuries in homes and public spaces.
ANTIBACTERIAL GLAZE
Nano-silver ion Ag+, a functional glaze, is applied to the glaze surface of ceramic products to form a protective layer that effectively inhibits the growth and reproduction of harmful bacteria. Silver ions (Ag+) are antibacterial by physical means. Silver ions are positively charged, while bacterial cell walls are negatively charged. Silver ions are adsorbed onto the bacterial cell walls, where the interaction of positive and negative charges causes the bacteria to rupture, destroying their proteins and DNA. This prevents the bacteria from metabolizing and reproducing, ultimately killing them. This is a simple yet effective method.
ENGOBE
Pure, white, and delicate, engobe are applied to the surface of a tile to cover any imperfections in the color, fill pores, and smooth the surface. They also prevent cracking or other defects caused by excess moisture absorption. Typically made from a mixture of raw materials such as clay, quartz, and feldspar, cosmetic glazes are applied by spraying, rolling, or hand-coating. They can also be combined with frit glazes for single-fired wall or floor tiles.
DECORATIVE GLAZE
Decorative glazes are usually composed of different raw material powders with a particle size of less than 45 microns. It can be printed through a ceramic screen or roller to print patterns and patterns on the tile surface. After one or two firings, various effects such as glitter, transparency, semi-polished, milky white, embossed, and sunken can be obtained. It can create a variety of novel effects and is one of the most popular materials used in the tile industry.
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